What to write a college essay on
Topic Of Research Paper For Computer Science
Wednesday, September 2, 2020
The Digestive System Worksheet Essay Example
The Digestive System Worksheet Essay Example The Digestive System Worksheet Essay The Digestive System Worksheet Essay College of Phoenix Material Animation: The Digestive System Hydrolysis of Sucrose After survey the liveliness, answer these inquiries: 1. The chemical sucrase breaks the disaccharide Sucrose into two monosaccharides: Glucose , or sugar, and fructose , or fruclose sugar. 2. Where does this response happen? This response happens on the outside of the instetina epithelial (mucosal) cell surfaces. 3. For hydrolysis to happen, the sucrose must tie to what part of the sucrase catalyst? The sucrose particle must tie to the dynamic site of the protein. 4. What befalls the protein when this happens? The catalysts arrangement will change with the goal that the oxygen connect situated between the two monosacharides is then presented to the water particles in the covalent. 5. What befalls the sucrose? The sucrose at that point breaks separated into two monosacharides and buoy away (Glucose amp; Sucrose). 6. What atom breaks the bond? Do you see why the procedure is called hydrolysis? ydro = water and lysis = to break. The bond is broken by water. A water particle breaks the bond ( oxygen Bridge) and joins the segments water; OH to one monosaccharide and H to oxygen of which is as yet connected to the next monosaccharide. 7. After the bond is broken and the two monosaccharides are discharged, what befalls the protein? When the bond has been broken the compounds arrangement will at that point turn around to its unique structure with the goal that the whole procedure can st art once more. 8. How frequently would this be able to process be rehashed? This procedure will keep on rehashing itââ¬â¢s self until the catalyst gets restrained, denatured, or wears out. 9. What three occasions can happen to end this procedure? the monsacharides will float away leaving the site accessible for another sucrose atom to tie, changing the compounds setup, allowing it to be hydrolyzed. Reference Broyles, R. B. (2012). Exercise manual to go with life structures amp; physiology uncovered form 3. 0. New York,NY: McGraw-Hill.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
The Ancient Greece Culture free essay sample
Master Gomez DBQ Essay The Ancient Greece culture has made numerous commitments to western human advancement. The antiquated Greeks influenced the western human advancements math, government, sports, and medication. They influenced the western development in a major manner. We even utilize a portion of these commitments today. A way that the old Greeks added to our administration is that Greece had the principal known vote based system. As found in record 3 Pericles had a great deal to do with majority rule government. Pericles had three fundamental objectives, to Strengthen Democracy, Hold quality in the realm, and to commend Athens. Pericles said that he needed all individuals to have an equivalent chance to serve general society. This period in time was known as the citys Golden age. To fortify popular government, Pericles expanded the quantity of paid open authorities. He likewise improved laws to be progressively equivalent to everybody. Because of popular government residents were given ability to speak freely and a voice in making laws. We will compose a custom paper test on The Ancient Greece Culture or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He let everyday citizens not Just the rich take an interest in the legislature. Expressions and sciences prospered, and assembling and exchange kept on developing. Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato are the absolute most notable scholars ever. Socrates was popular for addressing about existence. He once said an unexamined life does not merit living as found in report 1 . This statement achieves numerous inquiries and conceivable outcomes about what life is and how it is treasured. Plato is the understudy of Socrates. He underlined the significance of reason. The republic was composed by Plato that portrays the perfect state. As found in archive 2 Aristotle is known for accepting that if individuals study life they will comprehend it more. Scholars today despite everything study, and get thoughts from a considerable lot of Ancient savants cites. Greeks influenced sports in western progress. As found in record 8 Myrons well known marble figure of the disk hurler speaks to an Olympic occasion. Greece was the primary progress to have sports and make it a custom. Greece facilitated the primary Olympics. They had played boxing, Chariot dashing, riding ponies, running, Jumping, and wrestling. Today in the western progress competitors contend in a significant number of indistinguishable games from the principal Olympics had. The Olympics were around for extremely long. As found in record 4 Medics in the western human progress have been affected by any of old Greeces commitments. Hippocrates, who made the Hippocratic Oath, was a mathematician, and specialist he is in some cases was known as the dad of medication. He said in the promise that he would get his patients the best of his capacity and he could never give dangerous medication to a patient whenever inquired. Today the Hippocratic Oath is utilized less and less. Western human progress was for the most part made up by utilizing Greeces government, sports, and scholars. Greece has contributed such a great amount to western human progress. The Ancient Greece Culture By lordgz
Friday, August 21, 2020
Counseling in Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words
Directing in Schools - Essay Example The British government expanded training assets from 60 million pounds in 1951 to 436 million out of 1964 and upheld youngster focused instruction (Bor, Ebner-Landy, Gill and Brace, 2002). The 1960s were set apart with the lifting of individual conduct requirements and the toleration of individual quirks. Suicides, drugs, and sexual connections caused numerous setbacks in mid 1960s, numerous under 25 years. This prompted the proposition to give auxiliary school understudies all the assistance they could get. One method for giving this assistance was the presentation of school guides. The Schools Council framed in 1964 spoke to educators in strategy making gatherings and advancing instructive turn of events (De Board, 1999). Ongoing investigations have demonstrated its resurgence as a non-defamation enthusiastic help among understudies. The establishment of the Children Act in 2004 and the reshaping of kids administrations give an unmistakable future for directing (Cooper, 2009). Advi sing administrations in schools are developing quickly on a nearby interest drove premise. Wellsprings of guiding incorporate school instructors, contract offices, for example, Relate, and instructive brain science referral administrations gave by LEA. Direction from proficient affiliations isn't required because of absence of a legal base for advising. The current rebuilding of directing gives new structures that can be testing. Advisors need to give remedial privacy through data conventions, move towards multi-organization groups, and reclassify their expert limits. School advocates give restorative individual directing that is particular from other structure s of help, for example, tutoring. Guiding is given through a few organizations, for example, outer advocates, individuals from showing staff, or an outside office (Egan, 2002). Guiding gives understudies an entrance to proper secret assistance that has valuable individual results, for example, improved emotional well-being. U nderstudies experience mental weight after deprivation, harassing, family separation, and friend dismissal. Directing, particularly by outer advocates, gives a road to easing mental weight. These understudies in the long run show positive results in training, conduct, and social and hierarchical exercises. This encourages them to improve their social prosperity in the school. Classification urges understudies to open up to guides and talk about close to home issues that they may not examine with guardians or educators. Taking care of individual issues helps upgrade understudy confidence and improves their passionate prosperity. Directing administrations are supported from the inside school financial plans and furnish understudies with a savvy administration for managing their own troubles. Schools enlist singular outer guides, advising firms, or use individuals from the school personnel. This kills the need of visiting costly instructors for understudies needing advising administrat ions. Schools give the important assets and offer extensive help administrations. The school the board has control of the guiding procedure and gives the general course to singular advocates and other peaceful help administrations. Past research has indicated that youngsters esteem having others to go to who incorporate school guides. Albeit a few youngsters experience psychological well-being issues, just a little rate is
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
How to Do it? Issue Essay Samples!
How to Do it? Issue Essay Samples!Issue Essay samples are great to get ideas, details and thoughts to write your issue essay. In fact, writing an essay is not as hard as you may think. The task at hand can be done by you and your friends. With enough time, you can write an issue essay within hours.Many writers find that these issues essays are best for class discussions. You should research and find the best sources for these topics. These topics can be chemistry, history, literature, art, religion, physics, physiology, and social sciences. In addition, many topics can be done through the internet. However, finding the best source for your topic is very important, since in the online world there are a lot of people who claim to have researched these topics and write some great issues.Many writers find issue essay samples and website sources can be found easily online. Therefore, it is essential to read through all the information about the topic before writing an essay. In fact, mos t websites will have some information about the topic already written, so you do not need to worry about the subject. Simply put, if the website provides the information, then you have to read it, especially if you know the basics on the topic.Once you have the basic information on the topic, it is now time to write the essay. For many writers, the best thing to do is to study the essay and focus on the main idea. This is to ensure that you are able to create the essay in a better way. This does not mean that you do not change your ideas and decide to write different topics from the one you are currently studying. However, you should keep the basic theme of the essay throughout the essay. If the theme is consistent throughout the essay, you will be able to write it quickly and effectively.Once you know the theme of the essay, it is now time to find the source of the idea. You can find this in the essay, but you can also use a search engine. If you want to learn more about the topic, then use an internet search engine. In fact, this is a good technique to learn about a topic. Then, you can ask your friends and colleagues for their opinions on the topic. You can even do this with the help of online research.After you have researched the topic and get the background of the topic, you should start writing the essay. To find the source of the idea, you should look at the essay as a whole and see how the structure of the topic has been organized. Once you have the main idea, the next step is to create the actual topic. Again, this can be done with the help of the internet or a search engine.In this case, if you really want to create an essay, you will have to find the right source, and then do the task yourself. So, if you have the time and the determination, you can definitely create a good topic in just a few hours. With the help of the internet, you can do research quickly and effectively.
Saturday, May 16, 2020
Access the Methods Used by Either Peron or Lenin to...
The provisional government was deposed in early October by the Bolsheviks as a result of the October Revolution. The storming and capitulation of the Winter Palace on the night of the 7th to 8th of November marked the beginning of Soviet rule. Lenin was elected as the Chair of the Council of Peopleââ¬â¢s Commissars by the Russian Congress of Soviets. In April 1917 Lenin published his April Thesis. This document outlined Lenins aims for the future: to end the war; to give all power to the Soviet; to give all property and land to the people and worldwide revolution. After the Bolsheviks seizure of power, they soon faced many social and economic problems. Numerous observers during the revolution, had thought that the new government would onlyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Lenin ordered that any German conditions should be accepted but he had great difficulty in convincing his colleagues such as Trotsky that this was the way forward. He realized that the Bolsheviks needed to get a qui ck treaty from the Germans to bring about the end of the war so that the Bolsheviks could concentrate on the work they needed to do in Russia. Eventually peace was signed in March 1918 in the form of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Under the treaty, Russia lost Riga, Lithuania, Livonia, Estonia and some of White Russia. Russia ended up losing 62 million people, 27% of farm land, 26% of railway lines and 74% of iron and coal reserves. Some historians argue that the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was one of Leninââ¬â¢s major failures in his policies. Lenins practical and realistic approach enabled him to strengthen the Bolshevik party even more. After the winning the Civil War against the Whites, the Russia economy was left in ruins. The Bolshevik Party faced many problems; the Kronstadt rising, political opposition and economic crisis this meant that Lenin had to remove ââ¬ËWar Communismââ¬â¢ to avoid disaster. Lenin thought that the collapse of Russian economy was mainly due to the introduction of War Communism during the Civil War. The majority of resources were allocated to the civil war fronts. In Russia, land was seized and redistributed to be worked using limited resources and equipment. Any surplus in production was seized by the
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Learning Theories Provide Instructional Designers With...
Learning theories provide instructional designers with instructional strategies and techniques which facilitate learning. Each learning perspective discussed in this essay is in terms of specific interpretation of the learning process. The information presented provides the reader with a comparison and contrast of the differences in practical application in an instructional situation. The specific learning theories in this essay are behaviorism, constructivism and cognitivism. The essay will compare and contrast how learning occurs in each theory, the roles of the teacher and the student, the curriculum and learning goals, and lastly, assessments. Behaviorism focuses on behaviors and not cognitive or abstract activities. It involves thinking, remembering and problem solving. Additionally, behaviorism relies on expressed, measureable behaviors and the repeat stimuli that cause behaviors. Students respond to the conditions in the environment. Therefore, knowledge is given and absolute. Learning occurs when students are able to provide the proper response to the given stimulus. The methods used by the teacher are the use of instructional cues, reinforcement (both positive and negatively) and practice. When this learning theory is used, the students learn basic skills before moving on to more difficult skills. The role of the teacher in the behaviorism approach is to be the transmitter of the knowledge. He/she is the expert that knows the material. TheShow MoreRelatedInstructional Design Analysis3590 Words à |à 15 PagesInstructional Design Analysis Linda Lee AIU Online Abstract This analysis will analyze the process of instructional design. It will discuss the instructional design disciplines. There will be a discussion on instructional design and how it aligns with scientific methods. The ADDIE model will be detailed in this essay. The difference between instructional theory and learning theory will be compared and defined. The most important component of the instructional design process will be visitedRead More New Learning Opportunities for Adult Learners Essay1608 Words à |à 7 PagesNew Learning Opportunities for Adult Learners The concept of adults as learners emerged both in this country and in Europe shortly after World War I; however, only in the last few decades has the theory of adult learning matured. Knowles, Tough, Houle, and Park, among others, have written extensively on the idea of the adult learner. In Tennants book (1997), he discussed Knowles adult learning theory. Knowles used the term andragogy to label adult learning theory. The andragogical modelRead MoreDifferentiated instruction is matching instruction to meet the different needs of the diverse1200 Words à |à 5 Pagesdifferent needs of the diverse learners in their learning environment. Most learning environments are structured to operate under the principles that learners must demonstrate and perform to a certain level, which is specified, by whatever mandating entity the learners are either employed by or learning within. This entity sets the standard that will signify achieved learning or academic growth. Therefore it is impor tant as an instructional designer we engage our adult learners, whether it be in theRead MoreInstructional Design1072 Words à |à 5 PagesInstructional Design Paper: Dick, Carey and Gagne The art of instructional design takes a unique gift. An instructional design artist must be able to artfully create a systematic structure for insuring the learning process. Through this paper, we will be exploring two educator artistsââ¬â¢ approaches: Dick and Careyââ¬â¢s and Gagneââ¬â¢s. Dick and Careyââ¬â¢s Approach Many educators base their instructional design off of a theory for how the human learns. The Dick and Carey instructional design is basedRead MorePrinciples And Theories Of Organizational Change1046 Words à |à 5 Pagesthat members are working toward a shared vision or goal. Leaders play a critical role in harvesting a culture of learning to accomplish mission goals. The members guided by a shared vision and best practices to improve organizational processes. Leaders can accomplish their change vision by creating a strategy for achieving organizational goals. Incorporate principles and theories of organizational change in describing the context of an institution. If polled most would probably agree that changeRead MoreWGU Study Questions IDC1 Essay2997 Words à |à 12 Pagesrate their responses to evaluative questions 2. Data from Likert scales and continuous (e.g. 1-10) rating scales are quantitative. Allows you to measure their feeling on a scale of 1 to 5. 3. The first question for the designer, following the identification of an instructional goal, is ââ¬Å"What exactly would learners be doing if they were accomplishing the goal successfully?â⬠4. You can usually spot a verbal information goal by the verb that is used. Often the learner must ââ¬Å"state,â⬠ââ¬Å"list,â⬠or ââ¬Å"describeRead MoreWhat is Instructional Design?1124 Words à |à 5 PagesPortion What is Instructional design? According to Dick, Carey Carey (2009), instructional design is a systematic process of designing, developing, and delivering instructional materials. What is the Addie Model? The ADDIE Model is the instructional system development model which consists of five (5) phases which are the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (Dick, Carey Carey, 2009). The analysis phase has different parts that clarify instructional problems and objectivesRead MoreApplying Malcolm Knowles Andragogy Model to Isd Essay2305 Words à |à 10 PagesModel to ISD Abstract The way that an instructional designer defines learning and what is believed about the way learning occurs plays an important role in situations where the facilitator wants to make a change in how people do a job or they need to learn something new on the job. This paper focuses on Malcolm Knowles adult learning assumptions and how to apply them in instructional strategies and techniques for facilitating learning. It also explores some of the critics concerning hisRead MoreSample Detailed Lesson Plan in English for First Year10155 Words à |à 41 PagesEvaluation of learning objects and instruction using learning objects David D. Williams Evaluation is integral to every aspect of designing instruction with learning objects. Evaluation helps in clarifying audiences and their values, identifying needs, considering alternative ways to meet needs (including selecting among various learning objects), conceptualizing a design, developing prototypes and actual instructional units with various combinations of learning objects, implementing andRead MoreScaffolding And Its Effects On The Classroom1803 Words à |à 8 Pagesstudents learn and what they ultimately grasp at the end of their journey through school. Scaffolding can be referred to as a variety of instructional techniques used to move students progressively toward stronger understanding and, ultimately, greater independence in the learning process. ââ¬Å"Scaffoldingâ⬠was first coined by psychologist and instructional designer, Jerome Bruner, in the 1960s. Bruner recommends positive interaction and three modes of representation during teaching: actions, images
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Biohazards of Sewage Sludge free essay sample
Wastewater can come from a variety of sources like homes, businesses, Industries, runoff from roads, lawns and fields and is treated by municipal wastewater treatment facilities (Product, Cornell). The solid material that remains after the treatment of wastewater is known as sludge (char, Cornell). Sludge can be employed in many different ways, it can be used as a soil additive or growing medium, sent to a composting facility, Incinerated or landfills (Char, Cornell).Bossily are derived primarily from a combination of primary, secondary, and tertiary sewage sludge. Bossily do not contain the coarse grit and screenings moved from raw wastewater during preliminary treatment steps or ash generated from incineration of sewage sludge. Another type of bossily may be derived from domestic seepage, the solid or liquid material removed from septic systems, portable toilets, and other systems that receive only domestic sewage.However, since all sludge and bobsleds contain potentially harmful contaminants, beneficial uses must be balanced against acceptable risks for human health and environmental Impacts (Beneficial, Cornell) The terms sludge and bloodies are In some cases universally Interchangeable, while In some cases there are minor discrepancies between the two definitions. Thus for the sake of this paper we will treat the two definitions as equal and interchangeable.While In most cases, the composition of the received wastewater Is uncontrollable, the makeup of the resultant sludge must be known in order to determine its suitability for various uses (Prod, Cornell). When evaluating the composition of sludge, its physical and chemical properties must be considered. Questions that should be asked are: How much water and solid matter does it contain?How many different metals and nutrients does It have and how much of each? What potentially toxic organic chemicals are contained in the sludge? What pathogen reduction process was used? (Char, Cornell). Typically, sludge contains 1-7% solid material and 93-99% water. (char, Cornell). Proper sludge treatment and management are necessary to ensure public and environmental health and safety (char, Cornell).The pH of sludge ranges from 4 to 12, and this value can have an affect on the movement of heavy metals, the corrosiveness of the sludge and the survival of the pathogens It contains Many people, including agricultural scientists and environmentalists are concerned hat land application of sludge will result in an increase of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, chemicals and metals In drinking water reservoirs, aquifers and the food chain (beneficial, Cornell).While the potential risks may seem to be high In the applications of sludge, the degree of risk depends directly on the initial sludge quality, the way sludge are processed and how the sludge are managed during General Overview: Modes of Transport from Field to Human There are numerous pathways by which humans can come into contact with bossily or bossily-derived contaminants.These incl ude direct contact or accidental ingestion, inhalation of bossily-derived aerosols or dust, ingestion of water (surface waters and groundwater), and consumption of crops grown in bossily-amended soils or of animals that have fed on crops grown in such soils. In addition, a variety of vectors can transmit pathogens (flies, mosquito, fleas, rodents, or other animals than can transport the disease either mechanically or by biological processes) from bossily to humans or intermediate hosts. In order to cause infection, pathogens must gain entrance to the body of the host. Microorganisms cannot penetrate normal, undamaged skin but can pass through mucous membranes, which thus form the most common portals of entry (Siderite, 1988). These occur at the alimentary, respiratory and igniter-urinary tracts (Silversmith, 1998). Additional routes of entry are via abrasions or small openings in the skin where local infections such as boils may occur, via wounds from which infection may spread throughout the body by means if the circulatory system, or via animal or insect bites (Siderite, 1988).These various routes or pathways of contact can result in either acute or chronic disease if the exposure is high enough. For pathogens, the primary concern is acute diseases of a short-term duration (I. . , gastroenteritis or flu-like symptoms), while for the various potential chemical contaminants, risks are derived from chronic exposure via ingestion. Pathogens that may be present in bossily applied to land pose a disease risk only if there are routes of exposure that deliver an infective dose. The principal means of exposure is through ingestion or inhalation.Absorption through the skin is considered to be a minor route of exposure unless a field worker suffers a cut or other puncture to the skin and is exposed. The degree of harm caused by bacterial toxins varies with the mode of entry into the body. It seems there is a correlation between the amount of bossily applied and frequency of contamination. A 1984 study showed that 22. OMG/ha applied to Sassafras sandy loam soil was the upper limit to ensure that groundwater was not contaminated (Higgins, 1984). Doses below 22. MGM/ha of land are acceptable for the provision of nutrients to plants, while anything above diminished the water quality to below American federal standards (Higgins, 1984). Heavy metals and chloroforms remained low throughout the experiment, which is also backed by research from health Canada showing that heavy metals and chloroforms detected in groundwater are t concentrations lower than ones of concern (Healthcare, 2000? ). When bossily are applied to the land, pathogens that may be present in the indirectly by vectors.Virus transport from soil to plants has been suggested as a possible route of exposure, but no definitive research has shown this to occur (Straus et al. 1993). Planting restrictions are applied on bossily-amended fields to ensure that contamination of plants is minimized until die-off of any residual pathogens have occurred and risks are reduced. Potential bacterial and viral pathogens carried by animals that could be contracted y humans include tuberculosis, salmonella, listener, comparable, retrovirus, and taxonomists.More than 50 animals can carry Circumscription. Rats and mice in particular are vectors for serious limitlessness example, rodents may drink treated wastewater containing Salmonella from a local waterway, and the Salmonella could be transferred to chickens that eat rodent droppings incidentally, which then transfer the pathogen to humans through eggs (Kinder et al. 1996). Inanimate objects (such as crops, soil, equipment, and the shoes or clothing of workers) may be intimidated with infectious organisms that can be transported from sites of bossily application.Restricting the harvesting of crops until natural die-off of remaining pathogens occurs, combined with good sanitary practices and management practices for on-farm workers and bossily transporters, has played a key role in minimizing the transport of pa thogens offset. Vectors are agents capable of transmitting a pathogen from one organism to another. Vectors can achieve this mechanically (simple transport by animals or insects such as flies) or biologically by playing a role in the life cycle of the pathogen (rodents).The rotational vectors are insects, particularly flies, but other vectors can include farm workers or bossily workers who become ill and infect their families. Grazing animals can also be vectors. Parasite eggs from domestic animals have been demonstrated to have the ability to be transported by flies to grazing land and infecting livestock (Eastern Research Group 1992). Control of vectors has been an important element in the development of the Part 503 regulations (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 1995, Eastern Research Group 1992), which include treatment and management practices that prevent conditions that attract vectors. Worker protection, good sanitation, and documentation of medical histories and sickness in workers families can play an important role in preventing disease transmission should it occur. Aerial dispersion of bacterial diseases such as tuberculosis, electrolysis, and legionnaires disease have been documented (Saab et al. 1982, al-Galahad and al- Aziza 1988, Bigness 1999, and Resin et al. 1997). Monitoring studies are limited, but studies indicate there is less risk associated with bossily land application (unless it is a liquid spray operation) than with spray irrigation of wastewater which has not en disinfected.Studies of wastewater aerosol formation over a period of years showed little impact on air quality (Barren and Kabukis 1980). Studies in Texas showed that bacterial levels were highest around the sludge mixing and loading facilities where agitation occurred and showed that normal heterocyclic bacteria caliphates (Pillar et al. 1996) Pathogenic Clamatorial were detected where physical agitation occurred. Measurements of bacteria in the air downwind of bossily processing or application sites is limited (Pillar et al. 996) and the data collected shows the presence of high embers of bacteria when there is mixing or dispersal (like a manure spreader), but the risk of an infectious dose of a pathogenic bacterial species in an outdoor area appears to be negligible (Pillar et al. 1996). There have only been a few reported cases of bossily-related illnesses as a result of airborne transmittal of pathogens See espadrilles discussions in this chapter). Most of these incidences are related to Nor in confined spaces such as sludge dewatering facilities, composting facilities Clark et al. 983, Milliner et al. 1980), or processing facilities and not related to the rainspout, unloading or application of bossily. En bossily are applied to the land surface, the particulates in bossily typically combine with soil material to form a filter mat so that primarily, soluble and colloidal particles enter the soil. Larger organisms such as protozoans and helpline eggs are retained in the upper soil layers, while virus particles and small bacteria can be transported through the soil to groundwater.The mechanisms of pathogen removal In soil are primarily filtration (affects bacteria) and adsorption (for viruses). Coarse sands and soils with gravel lenses are those most conducive to pathogen rainspout to groundwater (Koala 1985, Wooziness et al. 1998). Most other soils, particularly fingered soils, are effective at removing both bacteria and viruses. Large amounts of water must be filtered to obtain a measurable amount of viruses in groundwater. Generally, this means that it would be extremely hard to obtain an Infectious dose due to the large amounts of water that would have to be consumed.
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